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Hedda Sterne (born Hedwig Lindenberg; August 4, 1910 – April 8, 2011)〔(Art Daily, ''Hedda Sterne, America's Last Original Abstract Expressionist and Sole Woman in the Group, Dies'' ) Retrieved April 10, 2011〕 was an artist best remembered as the only woman in a famous photograph of a group of Abstract Expressionists known as "The Irascibles" which consisted of Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Barnett Newman, Mark Rothko, and others. In her artistic endeavors she created a body of work known for exhibiting a stubborn independence from styles and trends, including Surrealism and Abstract Expressionism, with which she is often associated.〔Sterne, Hedda, Sarah L Eckhardt, Josef Helfenstein, and Lawrence Rinder. ''Uninterrupted flux : Hedda Sterne, a retrospective''. Champaign, Ill.: Krannert Art Museum and Kinkead Pavilion, 2006.〕 Sterne has been almost completely overlooked in art historical narratives of the post-war American art scene. At the time of her death, possibly the last surviving artist of the first generation of the New York School, Hedda Sterne viewed her widely varied works more as ''in flux'' than as definitive statements.〔 Her second husband was Saul Steinberg the Romanian-born American cartoonist and illustrator. Sterne's works are in the collections of museums including the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York, the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., and the National Museum of Women in the Arts, also in Washington, D.C. ==Biography== Sterne was born in Bucharest, Romania, in 1910 as Hedwig Lindenberg. Her parents were Simon Lindenberg, a high school language teacher, and Eugenie (Wexler) Lindenberg. She was the second child; her only sibling, Edouard, later became a prominent conductor in Paris.〔Eckhardt, 2006〕 In 1919, her father Simon died and her mother remarried Leonida Cioara, the partner in their family business. Sterne was raised with artistic values from a young age, most notably, her tie to Surrealism, which stemmed from a family friend, Victor Brauner.〔 Sterne was homeschooled until age 11. Upon graduating from high school in 1927, she attended art classes in Vienna, then had a short attendance at the University of Bucharest studying philosophy and art history. She found the curriculum limiting, and dropped out to pursue artistic training independently.〔Simon, 2007〕 She spent time traveling, especially to Paris, and developing her technical skills as both a painter and sculptor. She married a childhood friend, Frederick Stern, in 1932 when she was 22. In 1941 she escaped a certain death from Nazi encroachment during World War II when she fled to New York to be with Frederick. In 1941 she met Peggy Guggenheim, through whom she met several artists. In 1944 she divorced Stern and married Saul Steinberg, and became a U.S. citizen. In 1950 she was named one of country's best artists under age of 36 in the March 20 issue of ''Life''. Two months later, on May 20, 1950, Sterne and 17 other artists signed a letter to the president of The Metropolitan Museum of Art to protest aesthetically conservative group-exhibition juries.〔 All signers were dubbed "The Irascibles" in an article about the letter wherein the famous Nina Leen photograph of the artists was published for the first time. Although the sculptors Louise Bourgeois and Mary Callery were among the signers of the letter, Hedda Sterne was the only woman in the photograph. This singularity made her name known to many who were unfamiliar with her work; as she remarked near the end of her life, "I am known more for that darn photo than for 80 years of work."〔Schwabsky, Barry (May 25, 2015). "Inside Out". ''The Nation'': 27–30.〕 Sterne and Steinberg separated in 1960 but remained close friends. Sterne began to disengage socially from the art world, and led an increasingly private life. She was involved in many shows and exhibits in New York. In November 1992 she met the art dealer Philippe Briet, and began a sustainable friendship which led to several projects until his death in February 1997. In October 1994, Briet introduced writer Michel Butor to Hedda Sterne, being at the origin of their collaboration for the book he published in September 1995, ''La Révolution dans l'Arboretum.'' Sterne practiced her art until macular degeneration set in. In 1997 she could no longer paint, but continued to draw. In 1999 her second husband Saul Steinberg died. In 2004, at the age of 94, Sterne had a stroke that affected her vision and movement and thereafter was unable to make art at all.〔Simon, Joan. ''Patterns of thought: Hedda Sterne''. Art in America, 2007.〕 In 2006, "Uninterrupted Flux: Hedda Sterne; A Retrospective" was published.〔 Hedda Sterne died on April 8, 2011, at the age of 100. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hedda Sterne」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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